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A New Technique Retrains Cells To Rebuild Damaged Brain Tissue

The majority of stroke patients do not undergo prompt care to avoid brain injury. Researchers at Ohio State University’s Wexner Medical Center, School of Science, and School of Education have established technology that allows cells to “retrain” themselves to help regenerate injured neural tissues. It’s a breakthrough that could one day help individuals recover voice, memory, and motor control, even if it’s given days after such a stroke.

A New Technique Retrains Cells To Rebuild Damaged Brain Tissue

To add genes into cells, engineers and research scientists use a method called tissue nano transfection (TNT) developed by Ohio State. This helps them reprogramme skin cells to be something else, in this case, vascular cells, to aid in reconstructing injured brain tissue. Through a mouse study, cells became “pre-conditioned” with unique genes before being implanted into stroke-affected minds, whereby they facilitated the development of new blood arteries and the reconstruction of impaired brain tissue by reconditioning.

“We could update the genetic codes of skin cells to make the blood vessel cells,” so when they are always inserted into the brain, they’re able to grow fresh, safe vascular material to maintain normal blood flow and help in the reconstruction of impaired brain tissue,” according to Daniel Gallego-Perez, an associate professor of bioengineering and surgery at Ohio State who’s the head of the study.

Researchers looked at the mice’s procedure and discovered that those who were given this novel cell treatment recovered 90% of their motor control. Damaged parts of the brain were restored in a matter of weeks, according to Medical imaging.

“We discovered that mice heal quicker so because cells implanted into the infected area often produce curing messages in the way of vesicles, which aid in the recovery of injured brain tissue,” said Natalia Higuita Castro, an associate professor of bioengineering and surgery at Ohio State and a professional and non-author on the report.

Someone in the U.s has an attack every 40 seconds. It’s the world’s second-biggest cause of death and even those who still recover often suffer permanent brain harm, including paralysis, slurred speech, and motor control failure. There are no cures for the long-term and disabling effects of stroke on brain matter.

While medical advances have made it possible for physicians to remove infections in the brain more quickly and increase results, it is only successful if achieved within several hours of the attack, before brain tissues die. Approximately 80% of ischemic strokes do not undergo clot-busting treatment in time to escape irreversible speech, mental, and motor deficits.

Wexner Medical Center at Ohio State University, Natalia Higuita Castro, Ana Salazar Puerta, and Jordan Moore contributed to developing a new cell treatment that reconfigures cells to restore brain injury caused by an ischemic stroke. 

Dr. Shahid Nimjee, a neurologist at Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, a participant of Ohio State’s Neurological Center, and co-author of the report, said, “The idea was that when brain tissue fails, that was it,” and “we’re now finding that there may be ways to rebuild cells to regain brain activity.”Scientists are continuing to explore this process and other possible applications for this technique in the treatment of brain diseases, including Alzheimer’s and autoimmune conditions.

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